Marshall Motor Holdings — Driving out of lockdown

Marshall Motor Holdings (LN: MMH)

Last close As at 04/11/2024

394.00

0.00 (0.00%)

Market capitalisation

308m

More on this equity

Research: Industrials

Marshall Motor Holdings — Driving out of lockdown

With the government allowing car dealerships to reopen from 1 June 2020, Marshall Motor Holdings (MMH) has issued a trading update and plans to progressively return to full operation in a COVID-19 secure fashion. The protection of both its employees and customers remains the company’s paramount consideration. Financially MMH appears to have weathered the shutdown well with adjusted net debt (excluding IFRS 16 leases) of £3.2m at 31 May, although it expects to report an H120 loss before tax in August. The major question is the pace of demand recovery and that still depends on the uncertainties caused by the pandemic. Guidance was withdrawn as lockdown started and, given the uncertain H220 prospects, we are not reinstating estimates yet. MMH looks well positioned to resume trading.

Analyst avatar placeholder

Written by

Industrials

Marshall Motor Holdings

Driving out of lockdown

Reopening of showrooms

Automobiles & parts

2 June 2020

Price

115p

Market cap

£90m

Adjusted net debt (£m) at 31 May 2020

3.2

Shares in issue

78.2m

Free float

35%

Code

MMH

Primary exchange

AIM

Secondary exchange

N/A

Share price performance

%

1m

3m

12m

Abs

15.0

(26.3)

(30.3)

Rel (local)

7.5

(19.9)

(19.7)

52-week high/low

167p

85p

Business description

Marshall Motor is the seventh largest UK motor retailer, operating 117 franchises spread across 24 brands in 28 counties. It is one of six UK dealership groups that represent each of the top five volume and premium brands. The group has a strong presence in eastern and southern England.

Next events

AGM

16 July2020

H120 results

August 2020

Analyst

Andy Chambers

+44 (0)20 3681 2525

Marshall Motor Holdings is a research client of Edison Investment Research Limited

With the government allowing car dealerships to reopen from 1 June 2020, Marshall Motor Holdings (MMH) has issued a trading update and plans to progressively return to full operation in a COVID-19 secure fashion. The protection of both its employees and customers remains the company’s paramount consideration. Financially MMH appears to have weathered the shutdown well with adjusted net debt (excluding IFRS 16 leases) of £3.2m at 31 May, although it expects to report an H120 loss before tax in August. The major question is the pace of demand recovery and that still depends on the uncertainties caused by the pandemic. Guidance was withdrawn as lockdown started and, given the uncertain H220 prospects, we are not reinstating estimates yet. MMH looks well positioned to resume trading.

Year end

Revenue (£m)

PBT*
(£m)

EPS*
(p)

DPS
(p)

P/E
(x)

Yield
(%)

12/18

2,186.9

24.7

26.3

8.54

4.4

7.4

12/19

2,276.1

22.1

22.9

8.54

5.0

7.4

12/20e

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

12/21e

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Note: *PBT and EPS are normalised, excluding amortisation of acquired intangibles, exceptional items and share-based payments.

H120 trading unsurprisingly tough

The imposition of lockdown in England disrupted sales from 23 March 2020, the busiest new car registration month of the year, and largely eliminated trading in April and May. The furloughing of 90% of staff and other mitigation measures helped to reduce operating costs by 50% during lockdown. A focus on cash management reduced discretionary spend, deferred capex and lowered working capital, supported by manufacturers and other partners. Trading was ahead of plan before the dealerships were shut and one of the busiest trading weeks of the year was lost, although MMH outperformed the new UK car market. With limited Q220 trading management expects to report a loss before tax for H120.

Secure return to operations

Aftersales operations reopened to all last week. Now all 117 showrooms and other operations are reopen following stringent risk assessments, the adoption of new operating procedures and protocols, and mandatory staff training. Initially around 50% of employees should return to work, and more will do as markets hopefully recover to more normal demand levels. Banks and other lenders appear supportive and the refinancing of the £120m RCF due in June 2021 is progressing, with a likely temporary revision to covenants and a market-led increase in interest rates.

Valuation: Should recover with demand

Even in the good times automotive retail groups are normally afforded major discounts to their retail peers, largely in anticipation of cyclical shocks such as the current pandemic. As trading recovers the multiples should return to normal levels through a combination of rising EPS and share prices, that should be accompanied by healthy support from the future resumption of dividend payments.

H120 trading environment

Strength of trading before lockdown

Trading in Q120 had been encouraging until the imposition of lockdown measures from 23 March 2020 when all showrooms were shut. March is traditionally the strongest month of the year for new car sales as the registration plate changes year, usually accounting for around 20% of annual registrations. Management had been confident of an ‘excellent operational and financial performance’ in Q120 up to that point. The loss of the completion of sales and deliveries in the final week of the first quarter is normally the busiest period. MMH still outperformed the new car market in the UK with new car like-for-like unit sales down 10.6% (UK new vehicle registrations down 31.0%), with like-for-like used car sales down 9.7% broadly in line with the market. Aftersales revenues also suffered from a lost week of trading and were 3.1% lower despite losing around 9% of trading days. Overall group like-for-like revenues were down 6.9%.

Response to COVID-19 and lockdown

The key measures MMH put in place during the lockdown were:

All showrooms were shut from 23 March 2020, with an online and phone operation supporting retail customer engagement

Teams were retained to support fleet and online customers

62 aftersales operations remained open to support essential vehicle mobility for key workers, services and vulnerable people

90% of MMH’s 4,300 staff were placed on furlough through the government-backed Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS), topped up by the company

Voluntary pay reduction for board members and senior staff in line with those on the CJRS, with non-furloughed staff receiving 100% of normal pay

MMH supported employees who had been furloughed by topping up CJRS to 100% of pay in March, 90% of pay in April and 85% in May. The £2,500 per month CJRS cap was not applied. With all employees experiencing some impact from the pandemic, the importance of staff engagement during lockdown for mental wellbeing was recognised and communications were stepped up to update furloughed staff on developments and the actions being taken.

In May 2020, MMH was once again confirmed as being a ‘Great Place to Work’ by the Great Place to Work Institute. It was 12th out of 30 large companies that were ranked, the sixth year running it has been ranked.

The aftersales operation generated a small loss due to the limited level of operation. Its continuation was important during the national emergency and a response to the unprecedented financial support from government.

Trading and financial performance in lockdown

Adjusted net debt (excluding IFRS 16 leases) fell to £3.2m at the end of May 2020 compared to £30.6m at the start of the year. The improvement was largely the result of an unwinding of working capital before lockdown, as high start of year debt levels related to the fleet operations were paid down (c £10m). The subsequent focus on cash management during the lockdown included a significant reduction in debtors which should reverse as trading picks up. The CJRS furlough scheme and temporary relief on business rates provided substantive cash cost reductions unavailable in previous downturns. These were supported by more usual cash preservation measures including a reduction in sales and marketing and other discretionary spend, as well as agreeing mutually beneficial arrangements with some landlords and suppliers.

The company has achieved some limited sales during the period of lockdown, taking bookings for some 3,500 new and used vehicles orders across its retail and fleet segments, which compares to around 19,000 in the same period of 2019. Used vehicle demand has been the stronger segment primarily because a large proportion of new vehicle sales are associated with expiring financing agreements which have typically been extended by vehicle funders during lockdown.

The company expects to announce H120 results in August 2020, which management expects to show a loss before tax. Adjusted net debt is likely to be significantly higher than the 31 May 2020 level as working capital consumption increases to more normal levels in support of sales. The company has suspended dividend payments for now. We do not expect payments to resume until the FY20 payment at the earliest.

In terms of funding, the company is close to agreeing an extension of its £120m revolving credit facility (RCF) due to terminate in June 2021, which will be on revised and amended terms. The lower profitability in 2020 is likely to require a temporary waiver and amendment of covenants as net debt levels are expected to increase as trading recommences and debtors return to more normal levels. The banks are likely to seek increased margin in line with market increases.

The road ahead

We expect there to be pent up demand for both car purchase and service activities, which should mean a decent bounce-back in volumes of activities.

As already mentioned, new car demand may experience initial support as the mechanism of renewing finance contracts (including PCPs – personal contract purchase) reaching term, some of which have been extended during the lockdown, creates a wave in demand for new replacement cars. We expect a similar effect in used car markets. In addition, there may be an element of increased interest in both new and used car ownership as a result of the less favourable prospect of using public transport. Offsetting these we would expect some impact from the less supportive economic situation, especially regarding employment levels, and there could be a larger volume of used cars coming off finance plans across the market which could affect resale margins despite stronger demand.

Service plans and delayed MOTs should support the higher-margin aftersales business and MMH notes an encouraging pick up in bookings since workshops were reopened to everyone in the last week in May.

In the remainder of 2020 and into 2021 we would expect to see business volumes return to more normal levels, although it could take time for confidence to fully return in the retail and business car markets. Following the 2008/09 financial crisis, 2011 was the low point for new car registrations in the UK.

In the context of the overall UK automotive retail market we still expect the larger dealership groups such as MMH to be more favourably positioned to transition into recovery. We certainly expect the new normal to include continuing changes to the way customers engage with new car purchases and retail groups need to adjust accordingly. However, for now a physical presence to allow product inspection and test before purchase is unlikely to disappear. Some value-creating opportunities to extend networks may present themselves as smaller operators decide on value optimisation strategies.

Exhibit 1: Financial summary

£m

2018

2019

Year end 31 December

IFRS

IFRS

PROFIT & LOSS

Revenue

 

 

2,186.9

2,276.1

Cost of Sales

(1,933.6)

(2,015.3)

Gross Profit

253.2

260.8

EBITDA

 

 

52.3

52.0

Operating Profit (before amort. and except).

 

 

34.3

32.0

Intangible Amortisation

(0.3)

(0.4)

Exceptionals

(6.7)

(2.4)

Other

0.0

0.0

Operating Profit

27.3

29.2

Net Interest

(9.6)

(9.9)

Profit Before Tax (norm)

 

 

24.7

22.1

Profit Before Tax (FRS 3)

 

 

17.7

19.2

Tax

(4.7)

(4.1)

Profit After Tax (norm)

20.5

17.9

Profit After Tax (FRS 3)

13.1

15.2

Average Number of Shares Outstanding (m)

77.7

78.2

EPS - normalised (p)

 

 

26.3

22.9

EPS (p)

 

 

25.5

22.2

EPS - (IFRS) (p)

 

 

16.8

19.4

Dividend per share (p)

8.54

2.85

Gross Margin (%)

11.6

11.5

EBITDA Margin (%)

2.4

2.3

Operating Margin (before GW and except.) (%)

1.6

1.4

BALANCE SHEET

Fixed Assets

 

 

262.9

390.2

Intangible Assets

112.2

119.3

Tangible Assets

150.7

162.9

Right of use asset

108.0

Investments

0.0

0.0

Current Assets

 

 

466.3

560.5

Stocks

384.0

470.7

Debtors

71.9

79.7

Cash

1.2

0.1

Other

9.2

10.0

Current Liabilities

 

 

(502.2)

(608.4)

Creditors

(501.5)

(582.8)

Short term borrowings

(0.6)

(25.6)

Long Term Liabilities

 

 

(30.8)

(139.9)

Long term borrowings

(5.7)

(5.0)

Lease Liabilities

0.0

(108.1)

Other long term liabilities

(25.2)

(26.8)

Net Assets

 

 

196.3

202.3

CASH FLOW

Operating Cash Flow

 

 

39.2

43.6

Net Interest

(2.1)

(1.0)

Tax

(4.7)

(4.1)

Capex

(23.4)

(19.5)

Acquisitions/disposals

1.6

(27.4)

Financing

(1.0)

(0.9)

Dividends

(5.0)

(7.2)

Other

(7.6)

(9.0)

Net Cash Flow

(2.9)

(25.4)

Opening adjusted net debt/(cash)

 

 

2.2

5.1

HP finance leases initiated

0.0

0.0

Other

0.0

0.0

Closing adjusted net debt/(cash)

 

 

5.1

30.6

Net financial liabilities (including lease liabilities)

138.6

Source: Company accounts


General disclaimer and copyright

This report has been commissioned by Marshall Motor Holdings and prepared and issued by Edison, in consideration of a fee payable by Marshall Motor Holdings. Edison Investment Research standard fees are £49,500 pa for the production and broad dissemination of a detailed note (Outlook) following by regular (typically quarterly) update notes. Fees are paid upfront in cash without recourse. Edison may seek additional fees for the provision of roadshows and related IR services for the client but does not get remunerated for any investment banking services. We never take payment in stock, options or warrants for any of our services.

Accuracy of content: All information used in the publication of this report has been compiled from publicly available sources that are believed to be reliable, however we do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of this report and have not sought for this information to be independently verified. Opinions contained in this report represent those of the research department of Edison at the time of publication. Forward-looking information or statements in this report contain information that is based on assumptions, forecasts of future results, estimates of amounts not yet determinable, and therefore involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of their subject matter to be materially different from current expectations.

Exclusion of Liability: To the fullest extent allowed by law, Edison shall not be liable for any direct, indirect or consequential losses, loss of profits, damages, costs or expenses incurred or suffered by you arising out or in connection with the access to, use of or reliance on any information contained on this note.

No personalised advice: The information that we provide should not be construed in any manner whatsoever as, personalised advice. Also, the information provided by us should not be construed by any subscriber or prospective subscriber as Edison’s solicitation to effect, or attempt to effect, any transaction in a security. The securities described in the report may not be eligible for sale in all jurisdictions or to certain categories of investors.

Investment in securities mentioned: Edison has a restrictive policy relating to personal dealing and conflicts of interest. Edison Group does not conduct any investment business and, accordingly, does not itself hold any positions in the securities mentioned in this report. However, the respective directors, officers, employees and contractors of Edison may have a position in any or related securities mentioned in this report, subject to Edison's policies on personal dealing and conflicts of interest.

Copyright: Copyright 2020 Edison Investment Research Limited (Edison).

Australia

Edison Investment Research Pty Ltd (Edison AU) is the Australian subsidiary of Edison. Edison AU is a Corporate Authorised Representative (1252501) of Crown Wealth Group Pty Ltd who holds an Australian Financial Services Licence (Number: 494274). This research is issued in Australia by Edison AU and any access to it, is intended only for "wholesale clients" within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001 of Australia. Any advice given by Edison AU is general advice only and does not take into account your personal circumstances, needs or objectives. You should, before acting on this advice, consider the appropriateness of the advice, having regard to your objectives, financial situation and needs. If our advice relates to the acquisition, or possible acquisition, of a particular financial product you should read any relevant Product Disclosure Statement or like instrument.

New Zealand

The research in this document is intended for New Zealand resident professional financial advisers or brokers (for use in their roles as financial advisers or brokers) and habitual investors who are “wholesale clients” for the purpose of the Financial Advisers Act 2008 (FAA) (as described in sections 5(c) (1)(a), (b) and (c) of the FAA). This is not a solicitation or inducement to buy, sell, subscribe, or underwrite any securities mentioned or in the topic of this document. For the purpose of the FAA, the content of this report is of a general nature, is intended as a source of general information only and is not intended to constitute a recommendation or opinion in relation to acquiring or disposing (including refraining from acquiring or disposing) of securities. The distribution of this document is not a “personalised service” and, to the extent that it contains any financial advice, is intended only as a “class service” provided by Edison within the meaning of the FAA (i.e. without taking into account the particular financial situation or goals of any person). As such, it should not be relied upon in making an investment decision.

United Kingdom

This document is prepared and provided by Edison for information purposes only and should not be construed as an offer or solicitation for investment in any securities mentioned or in the topic of this document. A marketing communication under FCA Rules, this document has not been prepared in accordance with the legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research and is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

This Communication is being distributed in the United Kingdom and is directed only at (i) persons having professional experience in matters relating to investments, i.e. investment professionals within the meaning of Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005, as amended (the "FPO") (ii) high net-worth companies, unincorporated associations or other bodies within the meaning of Article 49 of the FPO and (iii) persons to whom it is otherwise lawful to distribute it. The investment or investment activity to which this document relates is available only to such persons. It is not intended that this document be distributed or passed on, directly or indirectly, to any other class of persons and in any event and under no circumstances should persons of any other description rely on or act upon the contents of this document.

This Communication is being supplied to you solely for your information and may not be reproduced by, further distributed to or published in whole or in part by, any other person.

United States

Edison relies upon the "publishers' exclusion" from the definition of investment adviser under Section 202(a)(11) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and corresponding state securities laws. This report is a bona fide publication of general and regular circulation offering impersonal investment-related advice, not tailored to a specific investment portfolio or the needs of current and/or prospective subscribers. As such, Edison does not offer or provide personal advice and the research provided is for informational purposes only. No mention of a particular security in this report constitutes a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that or any security, or that any particular security, portfolio of securities, transaction or investment strategy is suitable for any specific person.

Frankfurt +49 (0)69 78 8076 960

Schumannstrasse 34b

60325 Frankfurt

Germany

London +44 (0)20 3077 5700

280 High Holborn

London, WC1V 7EE

United Kingdom

New York +1 646 653 7026

1,185 Avenue of the Americas

3rd Floor, New York, NY 10036

United States of America

Sydney +61 (0)2 8249 8342

Level 4, Office 1205

95 Pitt Street, Sydney

NSW 2000, Australia

Frankfurt +49 (0)69 78 8076 960

Schumannstrasse 34b

60325 Frankfurt

Germany

London +44 (0)20 3077 5700

280 High Holborn

London, WC1V 7EE

United Kingdom

New York +1 646 653 7026

1,185 Avenue of the Americas

3rd Floor, New York, NY 10036

United States of America

Sydney +61 (0)2 8249 8342

Level 4, Office 1205

95 Pitt Street, Sydney

NSW 2000, Australia

General disclaimer and copyright

This report has been commissioned by Marshall Motor Holdings and prepared and issued by Edison, in consideration of a fee payable by Marshall Motor Holdings. Edison Investment Research standard fees are £49,500 pa for the production and broad dissemination of a detailed note (Outlook) following by regular (typically quarterly) update notes. Fees are paid upfront in cash without recourse. Edison may seek additional fees for the provision of roadshows and related IR services for the client but does not get remunerated for any investment banking services. We never take payment in stock, options or warrants for any of our services.

Accuracy of content: All information used in the publication of this report has been compiled from publicly available sources that are believed to be reliable, however we do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of this report and have not sought for this information to be independently verified. Opinions contained in this report represent those of the research department of Edison at the time of publication. Forward-looking information or statements in this report contain information that is based on assumptions, forecasts of future results, estimates of amounts not yet determinable, and therefore involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of their subject matter to be materially different from current expectations.

Exclusion of Liability: To the fullest extent allowed by law, Edison shall not be liable for any direct, indirect or consequential losses, loss of profits, damages, costs or expenses incurred or suffered by you arising out or in connection with the access to, use of or reliance on any information contained on this note.

No personalised advice: The information that we provide should not be construed in any manner whatsoever as, personalised advice. Also, the information provided by us should not be construed by any subscriber or prospective subscriber as Edison’s solicitation to effect, or attempt to effect, any transaction in a security. The securities described in the report may not be eligible for sale in all jurisdictions or to certain categories of investors.

Investment in securities mentioned: Edison has a restrictive policy relating to personal dealing and conflicts of interest. Edison Group does not conduct any investment business and, accordingly, does not itself hold any positions in the securities mentioned in this report. However, the respective directors, officers, employees and contractors of Edison may have a position in any or related securities mentioned in this report, subject to Edison's policies on personal dealing and conflicts of interest.

Copyright: Copyright 2020 Edison Investment Research Limited (Edison).

Australia

Edison Investment Research Pty Ltd (Edison AU) is the Australian subsidiary of Edison. Edison AU is a Corporate Authorised Representative (1252501) of Crown Wealth Group Pty Ltd who holds an Australian Financial Services Licence (Number: 494274). This research is issued in Australia by Edison AU and any access to it, is intended only for "wholesale clients" within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001 of Australia. Any advice given by Edison AU is general advice only and does not take into account your personal circumstances, needs or objectives. You should, before acting on this advice, consider the appropriateness of the advice, having regard to your objectives, financial situation and needs. If our advice relates to the acquisition, or possible acquisition, of a particular financial product you should read any relevant Product Disclosure Statement or like instrument.

New Zealand

The research in this document is intended for New Zealand resident professional financial advisers or brokers (for use in their roles as financial advisers or brokers) and habitual investors who are “wholesale clients” for the purpose of the Financial Advisers Act 2008 (FAA) (as described in sections 5(c) (1)(a), (b) and (c) of the FAA). This is not a solicitation or inducement to buy, sell, subscribe, or underwrite any securities mentioned or in the topic of this document. For the purpose of the FAA, the content of this report is of a general nature, is intended as a source of general information only and is not intended to constitute a recommendation or opinion in relation to acquiring or disposing (including refraining from acquiring or disposing) of securities. The distribution of this document is not a “personalised service” and, to the extent that it contains any financial advice, is intended only as a “class service” provided by Edison within the meaning of the FAA (i.e. without taking into account the particular financial situation or goals of any person). As such, it should not be relied upon in making an investment decision.

United Kingdom

This document is prepared and provided by Edison for information purposes only and should not be construed as an offer or solicitation for investment in any securities mentioned or in the topic of this document. A marketing communication under FCA Rules, this document has not been prepared in accordance with the legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research and is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

This Communication is being distributed in the United Kingdom and is directed only at (i) persons having professional experience in matters relating to investments, i.e. investment professionals within the meaning of Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005, as amended (the "FPO") (ii) high net-worth companies, unincorporated associations or other bodies within the meaning of Article 49 of the FPO and (iii) persons to whom it is otherwise lawful to distribute it. The investment or investment activity to which this document relates is available only to such persons. It is not intended that this document be distributed or passed on, directly or indirectly, to any other class of persons and in any event and under no circumstances should persons of any other description rely on or act upon the contents of this document.

This Communication is being supplied to you solely for your information and may not be reproduced by, further distributed to or published in whole or in part by, any other person.

United States

Edison relies upon the "publishers' exclusion" from the definition of investment adviser under Section 202(a)(11) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and corresponding state securities laws. This report is a bona fide publication of general and regular circulation offering impersonal investment-related advice, not tailored to a specific investment portfolio or the needs of current and/or prospective subscribers. As such, Edison does not offer or provide personal advice and the research provided is for informational purposes only. No mention of a particular security in this report constitutes a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that or any security, or that any particular security, portfolio of securities, transaction or investment strategy is suitable for any specific person.

Frankfurt +49 (0)69 78 8076 960

Schumannstrasse 34b

60325 Frankfurt

Germany

London +44 (0)20 3077 5700

280 High Holborn

London, WC1V 7EE

United Kingdom

New York +1 646 653 7026

1,185 Avenue of the Americas

3rd Floor, New York, NY 10036

United States of America

Sydney +61 (0)2 8249 8342

Level 4, Office 1205

95 Pitt Street, Sydney

NSW 2000, Australia

Frankfurt +49 (0)69 78 8076 960

Schumannstrasse 34b

60325 Frankfurt

Germany

London +44 (0)20 3077 5700

280 High Holborn

London, WC1V 7EE

United Kingdom

New York +1 646 653 7026

1,185 Avenue of the Americas

3rd Floor, New York, NY 10036

United States of America

Sydney +61 (0)2 8249 8342

Level 4, Office 1205

95 Pitt Street, Sydney

NSW 2000, Australia

More on Marshall Motor Holdings

View All

Latest from the Industrials sector

View All Industrials content

Research: Consumer

Britvic — H120 results

FY20 started well, with value share gains in GB, Ireland and Brazil. As expected, lockdown has affected out-of-home and on-the-go consumption in particular. Conversely, sales of at-home consumption packs have increased significantly, thus leading to an adverse mix effect. GB and Ireland have been the most affected markets for Britvic, as they have a greater exposure to the out-of-home channel. The company is maintaining its guidance of a likely monthly impact from the COVID-19 pandemic of £12–18m adjusted EBIT, though its scenarios seem very conservative.

Continue Reading

Subscribe to Edison

Get access to the very latest content matched to your personal investment style.

Sign up for free